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RNA editing, CRISPR-Cas 13 provides herd immunity against dsDNA phage.

CRISPR-cas13: the only RNA editing CRISPR till date. CRISPR RNA targeting CRISPR-cas13 provides immunity against dsDNA phage without cutting the genome, unlike the other 5 types which work by cutting the genome. CRISPR-Cas13 works differently. It provides herd immunity to the bacteria. CRISPR-Cas13 There are six types of CRISPR in literature till now (1-6). CRISPR Cas VI is the only one that cuts the RNA. It cuts the RNA transcript complementary to the target sequence of the mRNA . After cutting the complementary RNA, it starts cutting all other mRNAs of the phage which Scientists called Collateral damage. This is the phenomena that provide Herd immunity. 3D structure of CRIPSR-Cas References: Cas13 Helps Bacteria Play Dead when the Enemy Strikes. Cell Host and Microbe . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.06.012 Follow and like Layman's Biology Facebook page for more news

American Diabetes Association says prediabetes treatment works.

Prediabetes is a condition in which a person has high blood sugar, but not enough to be called Diabetic. This condition is considered a warning sign for the people. The person has a high chance of developing type 2 diabetes if he continues the same lifestyle without any medication. But it is not too late, it's possible to bring a blood sugar level back to normal. Lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medication are believed to help to bring the blood sugar level back to normal. However, its effective has always been controversial. According to American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) Professional Practice Committee, they say it has been shown that healthy eating and regular physical activity have been shown (along with the medication metformin for select patients) to delay or prevent progression to diabetes. Reference: Evidence supports prediabetes treatment. Science 26 Apr 2019: ...

Scientists found two anti-viral drugs which kills novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV).

The recent outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan has infected thousands of people, especially in China. As of till now 30,00 confirmed cases have been reported in mainland China. Additionally, imported cases of coronavirus were identified in many other countries including Thailand, Japan, South Korea, United States, Vietnam, Singapore, Nepal, India, France, Australia, and Canada. The cause of the outbreak has been named novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV ). This virus belongs to the same family as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) which cause epidemic and killed many in the early 2000s. The virus is spreading everywhere infecting thousands of innocent people. But there is no drug available for treatment. Scientists around the globe are working their best to develop a drug for the treatment of infected patients. The quickest solution is to check whether we can treat patients using the drugs that are currently available for treating ...

CRISPR can now be used as a drug delivery molecule.

Drugs (or any molecules) could be delivered to the target site and released under the control of CRISPR 12a. CRISPR Cas12a James Collins, MIT, Cambridge used CRISPR to deliver drug molecules . They used water-filled polymers that are held together by strands of DNA, known as DNA hydrogels. To alter the properties of these materials, Collins's team used a form of CRISPR called Cas12a. (The gene-editor CRISPR–Cas9 uses the Cas9 enzyme to snip a DNA sequence at the desired point.) The Cas12a enzyme can be programmed to recognize a specific DNA sequence. The enzyme cuts its target DNA strand, then severs single strands of DNA nearby. This property allowed the researchers to build a series of CRISPR-controlled hydrogels containing a target DNA sequence and single strands of DNA, which breaks up after Cas12a recognizes the target sequence in a stimulus. The break-up of the single DNA strands triggers the hydrogels to change shape or, in some ...

Top 10 most revolutionary Nature articles of all time.

Template from Watson and Crick molecular Model, 1953 . Nature is one of the most recognizable and most cited scientific journals of the world with an impact factor of 43 (2018). Nature is edited and published in the United Kingdom by a scientific publishing company Springer Nature. Nature is a weekly journal. Being published in nature is very prestigious. Recently, on 04 November 2019, Nature published the top 10 most influential nature papers of all time. Here is the list with no particular order. The structure of DNA: On 25 th April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick announced in Nature that they had elucidated the structure of DNA. In the early 1950s, the identity of genetic material was still a matter of debate. This discovery of the helical structure of double-stranded DNA settled the matter and change the history of biology forever. The advent and rise of monoclonal antibodies: In 1975, Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein first report how cell ...

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